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Ending the UNAMI Mission Marks a Step for Iraq Regaining Full Sovereignty

In a formal letter, dated 8 May 2024 and addressed to the United Nations Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammad Shia al-Sudani called for “ending the mandate of the United Nation’s Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) on 31 December 2025″, emphasizing that “after more than 20 years of democratic transition and overcoming great and diverse challenges, the justifications for a political mission in Iraq are no longer present”.

This letter was delivered in time, by the Iraqi Charge d’Affaires at the United Nations, before the Security Council (SC)’s scheduled meeting on 30 May 2024, to vote on UNAMI’s fate. Iraq is not a member of the Council, however, it will be difficult for the existing SC members to ignore the wishes of an elected Government of Iraq.

The strategic review

In May 2023, Iraq made a formal request to the SC to reduce the UNAMI mandate. In response, the Council set up a three-man committee, headed by Volker Perthes of Germany, to carry out a “Strategic Review” of UNAMI’s mandate, based on the SC resolution 2682 (2023). The committee visited Iraq in Nov 2023 and conducted 250 interviews with various stakeholders, including the Federal Government, the Kurdistan Regional Government, political parties, civil society organizations, think tanks and the UNAMI staff all over Iraq. They also reviewed the papers and work of UNAMI both in Iraq and New York, before submitting their report to the Secretary General in Feb 2024.

The ‘Perthes’ report unequivocally acknowledged the progress made in Iraq, and that: “the Iraqi political system has, at least over the past eighteen months, increasingly demonstrated its ability to manage crises”. It further adds “no UN political mission should stay in a country forever. Prolonged third-party presence may discourage local solutions and national ownership”. Perthes therefore recommend that “the…

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Iraq Requests UN Assistance for Elections Amid UNAMI Dissolution

Iraq Seeks UN Assistance for Upcoming Elections

Sat 25 May 2024 | 09:11 PM

Despite officially requesting the United Nations to disband its mission in Iraq (UNAMI) by the end of next year, after nearly 20 years of operation, the Iraqi government still looks towards the UN for electoral assistance.

The UN mission in Iraq has faced significant criticism over the years, particularly following widespread challenges to the results of the 2018 and 2021 elections. Nevertheless, Baghdad authorities are keen on maintaining the UN’s involvement in electoral matters.

Government spokesman Basim Al-Awadi stated that the Iraqi government would request the UN to form a specialized committee for elections if UNAMI is dissolved before the scheduled parliamentary elections next year.

In May 2023, Iraq submitted a request to the UN Security Council and the Secretary-General to reduce UNAMI’s mandate and conduct an objective evaluation of its work, paving the way for the mission’s termination. Following this request, a strategic committee from the UN visited Iraq in November and recommended ending the mission.

Al-Awadi mentioned that the government’s proposal is for the UN mission to remain until after the elections, suggesting that its final period of presence should be until the end of December 2025, a month after the general elections scheduled for November 2025.

He added that if the mission is dissolved before this date, the Iraqi government would request the UN to form a specialized committee to assist the Independent High Electoral Commission, supervise, monitor, and certify the parliamentary election results, as this is crucial for the political process and governance.

The government spokesman emphasized Iraq’s continued need for UN support in human rights, climate issues, and other areas, but in a new format that does not involve a permanent presence in…

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Govt spokesperson reveals new formula for dealing with UN

Baghdad-INA
Government spokesman Bassem Al-Awadi revealed on Friday, the new formula for dealing with the United Nations(UN) while he indicated that the work of the UNAMI mission would end on the political side, he stressed that the mission provided great services to the Iraqis and supported the political process.

Al-Awadi told the Iraqi News Agency (INA) that “the UNAMI mission was formed in the eighth month of 2003, after the overthrow of the former regime and the presence of the international coalition, and the absence of a government, but rather a governing council carrying out its new work in Iraq,” indicating that “the idea is to send the nations “UN is a group of experts to provide advice in the fields of political, transitional justice, social reconciliation, etc., in order to assist the Iraqi government and provide advice, consultations and opinions, and they are considered as advisors to the government.”
 
“Files were identified for these experts, most notably supporting the government politically, especially the formation of the government, elections, the relationship with the Kurdistan Region, the issue of Kirkuk, the conflict of the components, the formation of parliament, supporting the judicial and legal framework, independent bodies and civil society organizations, as well as providing advice and assistance on border disputes, whether with Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or Jordan the work continued because Iraq’s circumstances at the time required such assistance, he said.
 
He continued, “The mission worked in Iraq and provided great services to the Iraqi people, and tried to push towards the stability of the political process, and submitted important reports to the United Nations, on the basis of which it issued important decisions to support successive Iraqi governments, the political process, and the Iraqi people,” explaining that “the Iraqi government and the people remember these……

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Why Iraq wants the UN’s political mission to wind down

Iraq increasingly wants to forge a new path that emphasises it is a normal member of the international community and can stand on its own feet. This requires that it shed the institutional hallmarks of the post-2003 period.

As part of that, Baghdad wants to end the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), which has provided the country with political, electoral, and development support for the last two decades.

In a letter to UN Secretary-General António Guterres dated April, but made public on 12 May, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani noted UNAMI’s positive contributions, but asserted that “after [twenty] years of democratic transition and overcoming great and varied challenges, the grounds for having a political mission in Iraq are no longer available”.

The letter said that Iraq is calling to “permanently” end UNAMI’s mandate on 31 December 2025, adding that the mission’s efforts should be “limited to completing its work (only) on the files of economic reform, service provision, sustainable development, climate change, and other development sectors” from now on.

What this leaves out is UNAMI’s critical political functions. The mission provides what is known in international relations as “good offices,” where a third country or a neutral institution offers a platform for bringing parties together to resolve disagreements.

UNAMI does this in a variety of ways, including helping to broker deals between Baghdad and Erbil, offering mediation between Kurdish parties, and facilitating dispute resolution between Iraq and neighbouring countries, most notably Kuwait.

The mission’s political mandate also includes a requirement that it report to the Security Council about developments in Iraq. The most recent such briefing took place on 16 May.

In light of Iraq’s demands, the question arises: what is the point of a political mission like…

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More to be done to advance women’s empowerment, says SRSG Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert [EN/AR/KU]

Attachments

19 May 2024, Baghdad: Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General (SRSG) and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert met with civil society representatives and Women Advisory Groups (WAG) members from Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, along with Ajay Madiwale, UN Women Country Representative. The meeting was an opportunity to exchange views on ongoing efforts towards, as well as residual challenges to, the advancement of women’s rights in Iraq.

The participants highlighted the critical role civil society plays in promoting women’s empowerment, the need for progress on key legislation to protect women’s rights in Iraq, such as the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, and the value of women’s full participation in decision-making processes. They emphasized the distinct challenges facing specific categories of women, including women and girls with disabilities and women from minority groups.

During the meeting, SRSG Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert stressed that any pending legislation should have the protection of women and girls as a core objective. “There are genuine concerns, not just from women, but from all those in favour of promoting a safe and just society. As I leave Iraq, I laud the efforts of Iraqi women and men in advocating for legislation that supports the empowerment of women and girls. What’s more, any legislation related to children should be guided only by the best interests of the child.”

“As I have said before, too many women have been blocked from taking a seat at the table. And some of those who have gained a seat find themselves, still, excluded from decision-making processes. Women’s empowerment must go beyond symbolism.”

“And yes, the need for an active, empowered and protected civil society is as pressing as ever”, the SRSG concluded.

At the end of the meeting, SRSG Hennis-Plasschaert noted that UN Iraq would continue…

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UN Envoy Outlines Iraq’s Growth And Ongoing Struggles

Saturday, 18 May 2024, 4:20 am
Press Release: UN News

16 May 2024

Peace and Security

Iraq is a nation brimming with potential but still haunted by legacies of past turmoil, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for the country, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, said in a briefing to the Security Council on Thursday.

Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert, also the head of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), cited notable advancements in infrastructure, economic reforms, and regional influence, signalling an Iraq on the rise.

“[Today] Iraq looks different to the country to which UNAMI was first deployed some 20 years ago. Indeed, it looks different to the country I arrived in, in 2018. We are, so to speak, witnessing an Iraq on the rise,” she said.

However, she acknowledged challenges such as corruption, factionalism, impunity and armed actors remain significant hurdles.

“While the Government is tackling these scourges, they still represent major hurdles to be overcome,” she added.

“The same goes for feelings of marginalization and exclusion, which are spreading in and among certain communities. If left unaddressed, they risk fanning the flames of intra- and inter-community tension.”

Protect human rights

The senior UN official expressed worries over a recent increase in unannounced executions under anti-terrorism laws.

Additionally, the fundamental rights and freedoms of all Iraqis are yet to be fully safeguarded, she continued, noting that women’s empowerment remains a critical issue, with many women still waiting for a seat at the decision-making table.

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Kuwait demands action on POWs, UN urges urgency

NEW YORK: Kuwait Permanent Delegate at the United Nations Ambassador Tareq Al-Bannai reaffirmed the necessity of pursuing special operations to locate the remains of 308 missing Kuwaitis and prisoners. Bannai, addressing a special Security Council session on Thursday, called on the international community to adopt a renewable mechanism to “move this file forward”

This multiparty operation has so far failed to identify the remains of half of the prisoners and missing persons, he said, stressing that the operation must continue. Bannai stressed the necessity that the Security Council work out a mechanism to accelerate the search, proposing the assignment of a senior-level coordinator for this file, as the 1284 UNSG Security Council Resolution of 1999 stipulates.

He lauded the intensive efforts that had been exerted to collect information and evidence for preparing the 40th report on the issue for the UN Secretary-General, who is concerned with the file of the missing Kuwaitis, third-country citizens and Kuwaiti properties, including the national archives, in line with the 4th article of Resolution 2107 of 2013. He acclaimed the performance of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and affirmed Kuwait’s support for completing its tasks of resolving pending matters, namely the file of the prisoners and the missing, during its work period that expires in Dec 2025.

Bannai expressed hope that all pending files with Iraq would be worked out during the mission’s set action period and appealed to the concerned authorities in Iraq to continue efforts at this level. Moreover, the Kuwaiti delegate indicated that in the event all these files have not been tackled for good, “we all ought to look together for other options”. He reiterated Kuwait’s affirmation with respect to the necessity that Iraq’s sovereignty and decisions be respected concerning the UNAMI presence in the country.

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Iraq Seeks End Of UN Mission By End Of 2025

BAGHDAD: Iraq has formally requested that a United Nations support mission set up after the 2003 US-led invasion of the country end its work by the end of 2025.

The country said the mission was no longer needed because Iraq had made significant progress toward its stability and security.

The mission, based in Baghdad’s heavily fortified Green Zone, was established with a broad mandate to help develop Iraqi institutions, promote human rights and support political dialogue.

Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani said Iraq wanted to boost cooperation with other UN organizations but there was no need for the UN assistance mission, known as UNAMI.

The mission’s head in Iraq often holds meetings with top political, judicial and security officials to preventing and resolving conflicts, however, critics have often described it as interference.

Sudani in a letter to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said Iraq has managed to take important steps in many areas, particularly those that fall under UNAMI’s mandate.

Iraq’s government has since 2023 moved to end several global missions, including the US-led coalition formed in 2014 to fight Islamic State and the UN’s mission set up to help promote accountability for the jihadist group’s crimes.

Some diplomats and UN officials worry about situation of the human rights and accountability in a country that frequently ranks among the world’s most corrupt and where according to rights activists freedom of expression has been curtailed.

The government of Iraq says it is working to fight corruption and rejects there is less room for free expression.

Somalia’s government also sought the termination of a UN political mission this week. In a letter to the Security Council, the country’s foreign minister sought the departure of the Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM).

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