Munsee

“I want us to acknowledge that SUNY New Paltz stands on the land that is the traditional territory of the people of the Stockbridge-Munsee, Espopus and Lenape tribes, who inhabited and cared for this land before European colonizers named this region New Paltz,” said President Darrell P. Wheeler during his 2023 Commencement speech. “The Stockbridge-Munsee, Esopus and Lenape are not relics of our past, but rather exist in the modern understanding of our institution. We humbly ask that our daily efforts to educate, learn and to care for this land honor them.”

We observe Native American Heritage Month in November, which began as a week-long celebration in 1986 under President Reagan, to recognize the invaluable contributions of Native peoples that have shaped our country, honor the hundreds of Tribal Nations who continue to exercise their sovereignty, pay tribute to their rich ancestry and histories and acknowledge the role we as colonizers had in their suffering.

In the thousand years or so before European contact, the Native peoples in the New Paltz area lived in small migratory clans or villages of 10 to 100 family members. “They were agriculturalists,” said Joseph Diamond, professor of archeology at SUNY New Paltz. These Native peoples “grew corn, beans, and various species of squash, and gathered plant foods such as hickory, nuts, butternuts, walnuts, acorns, chestnuts and various berries to supplement their diet.”

They carved containers and utensils, fashioned hunting, trapping and fishing gear, baskets and pottery and made clothing, which they decorated with porcupine quills, shells and other items from nature. Storytellers passed on how life came to be, how the earth was created, how the people learned to sing and what the stars could teach them. This civilization learned how to live in peace, with…

Continue reading

Unearthing Michigan’s Pre-Statehood Inhabitants

Before Michigan’s admission to the Union in 1837, the region was a tapestry of Native American tribes, each with its own distinct culture and history. The primary inhabitants were the Anishinaabe groups, which included the Ojibwe (Chippewa), Odawa (Ottawa), and Potawatomi peoples. These tribes were part of the Algonquian language family and were known for their intricate trade networks, seasonal migrations, and the cultivation of corn, beans, and squash.

European Encounters and Territorial Changes

The first European to set foot in what would become Michigan was the French explorer Étienne Brûlé in 1620. Subsequently, French fur traders and Jesuit missionaries established outposts and relationships with the indigenous populations. The region fell under British control after the French and Indian War and was later ceded to the newly formed United States following the American Revolution, under the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Transition to Statehood

As American settlers moved westward, tensions rose with the Native American tribes, leading to a series of conflicts and treaties that would gradually cede tribal lands to the U.S. government. The 1807 Treaty of Detroit, for example, was a significant land cession that paved the way for increased American settlement. By the time Michigan became the 26th state, the indigenous population had been greatly diminished and displaced through these treaties and subsequent policies.

FAQ

Q: What are the Anishinaabe tribes?
A: The Anishinaabe tribes are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples in the Great Lakes region, including the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi.

Q: How did European contact affect the Native American tribes in Michigan?
A: European contact introduced trade, disease, and conflict, which significantly altered the lives and territories of Native American tribes in Michigan.

Q: What was the Treaty of Detroit?
A: The Treaty of Detroit was an 1807 agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes,…

Continue reading

Boston’s Indigenous Roots: The Massachusett Tribe

Boston, a city steeped in American history, is often celebrated for its pivotal role in the Revolutionary War. However, long before the colonists settled and sparked the birth of a nation, the area was inhabited by Native American tribes, primarily the Massachusett people.

Understanding the Massachusett Tribe

The Massachusett tribe, whose name translates to “people of the great hills,” lived in what is now the Greater Boston area. Their territory extended from the Charles River in Massachusetts to the Neponset River, encompassing many islands within the Boston Harbor. The tribe was part of the Algonquian-speaking peoples, with a lifestyle that revolved around fishing, hunting, and agriculture.

Impact of European Settlement

The arrival of European settlers in the early 17th century marked a period of upheaval for the Massachusett tribe. Diseases brought by the settlers decimated the indigenous population, and the subsequent establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony led to further displacement and cultural disruption.

Preserving the Legacy

Today, the legacy of the Massachusett tribe endures through efforts to preserve their history and culture. While the tribe is not federally recognized, descendants and historians work to keep the memory of the Massachusett people alive through education and advocacy.

FAQ

Q: Are there any federally recognized tribes in Massachusetts?
A: Yes, the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) is federally recognized.

Q: What happened to the Massachusett tribe?
A: The tribe suffered greatly from disease and displacement following European colonization. Today, they are not federally recognized, but efforts to preserve their history continue.

Definitions

Massachusett Tribe: A Native American tribe that lived in the area now known as Boston and its surroundings.
Algonquian-speaking peoples: A group of Native American tribes sharing the Algonquian language family.
Federally recognized: Official status granted by the U.S. government to certain Native American tribes, acknowledging their sovereignty and providing certain legal rights and…

Continue reading