The year 2026 marks the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Cardinal News has embarked on a three-year project to tell the little-known stories of Virginia’s role in the march to independence. This project is supported, in part, by a grant from the Virginia American Revolution 250 Commission. Find all our stories from this project on the Cardinal 250 page.
It’s likely few people knew the western frontier of Virginia better than Thomas Lewis when the U.S. declared independence from Britain in 1776.
The amount of interaction he had with Native Americans before being appointed to negotiate the first formal U.S. treaty with them is unclear.
Lewis hailed from a family that settled in Augusta County in 1732, near what is now Staunton, and in 1746, while still in his 20s, he was appointed the first surveyor of Augusta County.
In Colonial Virginia, the fundamental job of a surveyor was to transfer land from the crown to private ownership, Ron Bailey wrote in the Colonial Williamsburg Journal.
Author Sarah Hughes wrote in her book, “Surveyors and Statesmen: Land Measuring in Colonial Virginia,” that “after 1740, as vast areas of western land were organized into counties, the colonial county surveyors of the region rose in power and prestige in an unprecedented way.”
While prestigious, the men appointed surveyors, including George Washington and Peter Jefferson — father of Thomas Jefferson — earned their money in the rugged occupation that required traversing some of the region’s most unforgiving terrain. Lewis worked with and corresponded with both men.
Of surveying with Peter Jefferson, Lewis wrote: “It was with the greatest Difficulty we Could get along-the mountains being prodigiously full of fallen Timber & Ivey as thick as it could grow, so interwoven that horse or man Could hardly force his way through it….
Nick Carter of Backstreet Boys. Photo Credit: Lisa Hiser 
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