Munsee

Students of HIST 276 help organize Images’ inaugural Indigenous Peoples Film Festival, collaborate with SMC Cultural Affairs Department – The Williams Record

Uncovering the Indigenous Roots of New Hampshire

Before the waves of European colonization swept across North America, the region now known as New Hampshire was home to various indigenous groups, whose presence and culture predate recorded history. These native inhabitants played a crucial role in shaping the land’s history, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence the state today.

Indigenous Tribes of Pre-Colonial New Hampshire

The primary inhabitants of the area were the Abenaki and Pennacook tribes, both belonging to the larger Algonquian-speaking peoples. These communities thrived through fishing, hunting, and agriculture, cultivating crops such as corn, beans, and squash. Their societies were structured around seasonal movements, with established villages often located near rivers and lakes, which provided rich resources for sustenance and transportation.

Impact of European Contact

The arrival of European settlers in the 17th century marked the beginning of drastic changes for New Hampshire’s indigenous population. Diseases, land disputes, and the pressures of colonial expansion led to significant population declines and the disruption of traditional ways of life. Despite these challenges, the legacy of New Hampshire’s first inhabitants endures, with contemporary efforts to preserve and honor their history and culture.

FAQs:

Q: What languages did the indigenous people of New Hampshire speak?
A: They primarily spoke various dialects of the Algonquian language family.

Q: Are there any indigenous groups still present in New Hampshire?
A: Yes, descendants of the original tribes still live in New Hampshire, maintaining their cultural heritage and traditions.

Definitions:

– Abenaki: A Native American tribe originally from the New England region.
– Pennacook: An Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe that lived in present-day New Hampshire and Massachusetts.
– Algonquian: Referring to a family of Native American languages spoken by peoples from the Atlantic Coast to the Great Lakes region.

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“I want us to acknowledge that SUNY New Paltz stands on the land that is the traditional territory of the people of the Stockbridge-Munsee, Espopus and Lenape tribes, who inhabited and cared for this land before European colonizers named this region New Paltz,” said President Darrell P. Wheeler during his 2023 Commencement speech. “The Stockbridge-Munsee, Esopus and Lenape are not relics of our past, but rather exist in the modern understanding of our institution. We humbly ask that our daily efforts to educate, learn and to care for this land honor them.”

We observe Native American Heritage Month in November, which began as a week-long celebration in 1986 under President Reagan, to recognize the invaluable contributions of Native peoples that have shaped our country, honor the hundreds of Tribal Nations who continue to exercise their sovereignty, pay tribute to their rich ancestry and histories and acknowledge the role we as colonizers had in their suffering.

In the thousand years or so before European contact, the Native peoples in the New Paltz area lived in small migratory clans or villages of 10 to 100 family members. “They were agriculturalists,” said Joseph Diamond, professor of archeology at SUNY New Paltz. These Native peoples “grew corn, beans, and various species of squash, and gathered plant foods such as hickory, nuts, butternuts, walnuts, acorns, chestnuts and various berries to supplement their diet.”

They carved containers and utensils, fashioned hunting, trapping and fishing gear, baskets and pottery and made clothing, which they decorated with porcupine quills, shells and other items from nature. Storytellers passed on how life came to be, how the earth was created, how the people learned to sing and what the stars could teach them. This civilization learned how to live in peace, with…

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Unearthing Michigan’s Pre-Statehood Inhabitants

Before Michigan’s admission to the Union in 1837, the region was a tapestry of Native American tribes, each with its own distinct culture and history. The primary inhabitants were the Anishinaabe groups, which included the Ojibwe (Chippewa), Odawa (Ottawa), and Potawatomi peoples. These tribes were part of the Algonquian language family and were known for their intricate trade networks, seasonal migrations, and the cultivation of corn, beans, and squash.

European Encounters and Territorial Changes

The first European to set foot in what would become Michigan was the French explorer Étienne Brûlé in 1620. Subsequently, French fur traders and Jesuit missionaries established outposts and relationships with the indigenous populations. The region fell under British control after the French and Indian War and was later ceded to the newly formed United States following the American Revolution, under the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Transition to Statehood

As American settlers moved westward, tensions rose with the Native American tribes, leading to a series of conflicts and treaties that would gradually cede tribal lands to the U.S. government. The 1807 Treaty of Detroit, for example, was a significant land cession that paved the way for increased American settlement. By the time Michigan became the 26th state, the indigenous population had been greatly diminished and displaced through these treaties and subsequent policies.

FAQ

Q: What are the Anishinaabe tribes?
A: The Anishinaabe tribes are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples in the Great Lakes region, including the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi.

Q: How did European contact affect the Native American tribes in Michigan?
A: European contact introduced trade, disease, and conflict, which significantly altered the lives and territories of Native American tribes in Michigan.

Q: What was the Treaty of Detroit?
A: The Treaty of Detroit was an 1807 agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes,…

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